Clinical diagnostic value of combined detection of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid galactomannan for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic children / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of combined detection of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) galactomannan (GM) for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in children with non-neutropenia.Methods:An analysis was made on 100 children with non-neutropenia suspected of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in the respiratory ward of the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2019 to March 2020. All of them were tested by serum and BALF GM tests as well as sputum and BALF culture for fungi. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of serum and BALF GM in the diagnosis of IPA in non-neutropenic children were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of serum and BALF GM tests for IPA in children with non-neutropenia.Results:The recruited 100 cases included one confirmed case, 85 clinically diagnosed cases and two suspected cases, while the 12 cases were excluded. The accuracy and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of serum and BALF GM tests used alone and in combination in the clinical diagnosis of IPA in non-neutropenic children were 29.0% (95%CI: 20.1%-37.9%), 75.0% (95%CI: 66.5%-83.5%) and 81.0% (95%CI: 73.3%-88.7%), respectively. The AUC and 95%CI were 0.645 (95%CI: 0.513-0.778), 0.785 (95%CI: 0.644-0.926) and 0.819 (95%CI: 0.681-0.953), respectively.Conclusions:The combined detection of serum and BALF GM was better than a single indicator in the clinical diagnosis of IPA in non-neutropenic children, suggesting the combined detection was of great value in clinical diagnosis.

Effect of the course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids in feces of very low birth weight infants: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of the course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics on intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.@*METHODS@#A total of 29 VLBW infants who were admitted to the Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from June to December 2020 were enrolled as subjects for this prospective study. According to the course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, they were divided into two groups: ≤7 days (@*RESULTS@#There was a significant reduction in Chao index of the intestinal flora in the ≤7 days group and the >7 days group from week 2 to week 4 (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The course of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics can affect the abundance, colonization, and evolution of intestinal flora and the content of their metabolites SCFAs in VLBW infants. The indication and treatment course for broad-spectrum antibiotics should be strictly controlled in clinical practice.

Clinical characteristics and leukotriene levels in serum and urine of bronchiolitis children infected with different viruses / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the differences of clinical characteristics and leukotrienes (LTs) level of bronchiolitis children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and provide clinical evidence for the treatment of bronchiolitis with LTs receptor antagonist (LTRA) montelukast.@*Methods@#Totally 90 children with bronchiolitis hospitalized from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled into this study and viral nucleic acid from respiratory tract specimens were detected; and the patients were divided into three experimental groups: RSV group, HRV group and hMPV group. The clinical data and LTs level in blood and urine of experimental groups were compared; 30 healthy children were enrolled as the control group.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in age, sex, weight, family history and past history of allergy among the three experimental groups. The LTs levels in the experimental groups were higher than that of control group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the LTs levels in blood and urine (r=0.723, P<0.05). In RSV group, LTs level of was the highest, lung function was the worst, and clinical score was the highest, and significantly different from those of HRV group and hMPV group (all P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between HRV group and hMPV group. The number of days with fever of RSV group and hMPV group were not significantly different, but both were higher than that of HRV group (all P<0.01). The number of days with cough and wheezing among experimental groups had no significant difference(all P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#The bronchiolitis children infected with RSV had the highest LTs level, the worst lung function and the highest clinical score, there was significant difference when compared with HRV group and hMPV group.

Real-time Event Recognition and Analysis System for Nanopore Study / 分析化学

To achieve fast and accurate analysis of weak current signal of nanopore-based single molecule detection, we designed a real-time adaptive threshold data processing algorithm with data buffering technique and finite impulse response filtering. The system, which is designed based on the data processing algorithm, could realize real-time recognition and analysis of nanopore events during the data recording process. In order to verify the performance of the system, the ideal signals with different noise level (20-100 pA) and recording bandwidth (3 - 100 kHz) was generated. The results showed that the system was stable to analyze the generated signals even at high noise. In addition, the system was also suitable for the data recording conditions of low bandwidth and high sampling rate (250 kHz). The proposed nanopore data processing system was further applied in the Aerolysin nanopore experiment for the detection of poly(dA) 4 molecules. The results showed that the data processing system could be applied in real nanopore recording system with high accuracy and speed.

Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatopulmonary syndrome in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a group of rare and serious complications caused by liver disease,which is summarized as "progressive chronic liver disease,pulmonary vasodilatation,abnormal gas exchange leading to arterial hypoxemia".Progressive hypoxemia causes high mortality in children with HPS,and liver transplantation is the only effective cure method.At present,there are few research on HPS in children,especially in China.The possible etiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and detection methods,treatment and prognosis are reviewed in this paper.

Expression of VEGF and PEDF in early-stage retinopathy in diabetic Macaca mulatta / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Macaca mulatta.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three diabetic Macaca mulattas induced by high-fat diet were identified for early stage of diabetic retinopathy according to the fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin Alc (HbA1c), fundus photograph and duration of diabetes, with another 3 age-matched healthy Macaca mulattas as control. The expression of VEGF and PEDF in the retinas of Macaca mulatta were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In early stage of diabetic retinopathy, VEGF mRNA and protein of the diabetic group were both significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). PEDF expression at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in diabetic Macaca mulattas compared with the control group (P<0.01 and 0.05 respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Retinal VEGF expression is increased and PEDF expression is decreased in early stage of diabetic retinopathy, suggesting their involvement in the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy and their value in assisting in the early diagnosis.</p>

Effect of combined treatment of small doses simvastatin and irbesartan on carotid intima-media thickness in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and normal serum lipid level / 上海预防医学

Objective] To observe the effect of combined treatment of small doses simvastatin and irbesartan for carotid intima-media thickness ( IMT ) in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and normal serum lipid level. [ Methods] A total of 124 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and normal serum lipid level were randomly divided into the observation group ( simvastatin combined with irbesartan) of 64 cases and the irbesartan group of 60 cases.Three months were as a course of treatment, and each patient in both groups received two courses;IMT,blood pressure and blood lipids were compared in the two groups before and after treatment. [ Results] After treatment of six months,systolic and diastolic blood pressure, IMT in both groups were significantly decreased, and IMT in the observation group was low-er than that in the control group ( all P<0.05) .In observation group, TC and LDL-C levels were signifi-cantly decreased, and HDL-C level was significantly increased (all P<0.01). [Conclusion] Besides lowering blood pressure and blood lipids levels, combined treatment of small doses simvastatin and irbesar-tan has good reverse effect on increased IMT and improves carotid atherosclerosis in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and normal serum lipid level.

Influence of metabolic syndrome on carotid intima-media thickness in young and middle-aged pa- tients with essential hypertension / 上海预防医学

Objective] To evaluate the influence of metabolic syndrome ( MS) on carotid intima-media thickness ( IMT) in essential hypertension ( EH) . [ Methods] A total of 168 young and middle-aged EH patients were divided into MS group (88 cases) and non-MS group (80 cases).Between the two groups were measured and compared IMT , body mass index ( BMI ) , waist circumference ( WC ) , systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) , diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ) , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and others. [ Results] Comparison between MS group and non-MS group showed that the level of BMI , FPG, WC, TC, TG, LDL-C and IMT were higher in MS group,P all <0.05.Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that age,SBP,FPG and LDL-C were the related factors for carotid IMT. [Conclusion] MS is associated with carotid IMT in young and middle-aged patients with EH .MS and EH may jointly participate in the process of atherosclerosis .Apart from control of blood pressure , correction of metabolic disorders is also necessary in order to prevent complication of atherosclerosis .

Early diagnosis and treatment for trauma around the knee with popliteal vascular injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment for trauma around the knee with popliteal vascular injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was employed to analyze the clinical data from 15 patients (9 males and 6 females were with a mean age of 39.2 years old,ranging from 26 to 62 years old) with fracture or dislocation around the knee with popliteal vascular injury from January 2007 to January 2013. Combined with clinical symptoms and signs, oxygen saturation monitors, color ultrasound, DSA angiography and interventional surgery were used to determine the vascular injury. The knee fracture and dislocation were fixed with hybrid external fixation and plate-screw fixation, respectively. Then, the blood circulation was reconstructed by thrombectomy, repair and autologous vein graft for individual injured vascular. The average total operation time, average hospitalization days, predictive salvage index (PSI), average blood transfusion amount, average medical expenses and infection cases were recorded to determine the effect of early diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was one patient with death, 8 patients with amputation, and 6 patients with successful repair surgery for popliteal artery, anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries. These six patients with surviving limbs were followed up for an average of 28.3 months (ranged, 12 to 60 months). Among the 6 successful patients, the joint function of 4 patients was good and excellent.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The trauma around the knee with popliteal vascular injury is characterized by complex and serious injury, easy misdiagnosis and loss diagnosis, poor prognosis and high risk of amputation. The early diagnosis of trauma around the knee with popliteal vascular injury should depend on the mechanism of trauma, local anatomical characteristics of injury site, clinical presentations and appropriate auxiliary examinations. The appropriate indications for limb salvage and amputation should be used to achieve more effective clinical results.</p>

Establish and optimization of real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of avian influenza H5 hemagglutinin gene / 病毒学报

H5 subtype avian influenza (AIV-H5) is a major causative agent of animalloimia a rapid and sensitive molecular biological diagnosis is crucial to the control program of AIV-H5. AIV-H5 real-time fluorescent reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qRT-LAMP) was established by means of heat treatment of the samples. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of this method were assessed and the performance of Calcein,SYBR Green I,HNB,SYTO 81 in colorimetric detection was comparatively analyzed to screen the optimum dye. The results showed the sensitivity of this method was 100 times higher than that of standard real-time fluorescent RT-PCR, and the detection limit was one copy of the gene per reaction. This method had no cross-reactivity with other common avian respiratory tract infectious disease-related pathogens such as IBV and NDV. The present study suggested Calcein was the optimum dye. Small-scale tests suggested this method was reliable for survey monitoring of AIV-H5 on the spot, indicating its potential applications in field investigation.

Effect of Pingchuanguben Decoction on interleukin-17 of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and airway inflammation in mice with asthma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the effect of Pingchuanguben Decoction on IL-17 level of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway remolding in mice with asthma.Methods Forty healthy female Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats in each group):normal control group,asthma group,Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group.The asthmatic models were established by ovalbumin (OVA) ; the normal control group was treated with phosphate buffer solution (PBS liquid) by celiac injection,during this period Pingchuanguben Decoction was administered to the mice in Pingchuanguben Decoction group each day.In stimulation stage,the normal control group was atomization inhalated PBS liquid,and the rest of the 3 groups were given aerosolized OVA instead.Budesonide atomization was administered to mice in Budesonide group before stimulation.The levels of IL-17 in BALF were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in lung tissues were tested with immunohistochemical analysis.Results 1.The levels of IL-17 in BALF in Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group were significantly lower than those in asthma group (all P ＜0.05),and the IL-17 in BALF was increased compared with the normal control group (P ＜0.01).2.The levels MMP-9,T IMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were decreased in the Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group compared with those of asthmatic group (all P ＜ 0.01),and the MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were increased compared with the normal control group(all P ＜0.01).There was no significant difference between Pingchuanguben Decoction group and Budesonide group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Pingchuanguben Decoction may restrain airway inflammation and remolding,which can replace Budesonide to a certain extent.

Case-control study on operative treatment for complex tibial plateau fracture / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore optimal choice of surgical treatment and operative approach for closed complex tibial plateau fractures and its influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2003 to January 2011, 95 patients with closed complex tibial plateau fractures were estimated Schatzker V and Vl, and treated with three different surgical methods. The methods included single plate through anterolateral incision (Group A, 22 cases), double plates through inside and outside incisions (Group B, 36 cases), and double plates through antero-midline incisions (Group C, 37 cases). There were 56 males and 39 females, ranged the age from 19 to 57 years (averaged, 36.3 years), 50 cases in left, 45 cases in right. According to Schatzker classification, 51 cases were type V, 44 cases were VI. The data of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications (infectious of wound, necrosis, bad incision, collapse fracture, loosen of internal fixation, fracture failure)and recovery of function of lower limb joint were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant difference among three groups in operation time (P > 0.05); blood loss in group A was obvious better than other groups (P < 0.05); collapse of joint surface and failure rate of internal fixation in group A was higher than other groups (P > 0.05); Merchant score after 1 year were higher in group B, C than group A. For lower limb function, 10 cases got excellent results, 5 good, 4 fair and 3 poor in group A; 21 cases got excellent results, 11 good, 3 fair and 1 poor in group B; 23 cases got excellent results, 11 good,2 fair and 1 poor in group C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blood loss in group A was least, but fracture exposure and joint surface was not satisfactory, and stable fixation could not be achieved, the long-term result was not good. For fractures with double condyles and dislocated involved, double plates through inside and outside incisions or double plates through antero-midline incisions was suggested,which benefit good reduction of joint surface, stable fixation, and erlier exercise.</p>

Recent progress in the diagnosis of neonatal septicemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

Neonatal septicemia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide during the neonatal period. It can be classified into two subtypes: early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) depending upon the time of onset. In the western developed countries, group B Streptococcal and Escherichia coli are leading pathogens for EOS, while the most frequent microorganism involved in LOS is coagulase negative Staphylococci, which are different from the domestic data. Clinical manifestations of neonatal septicemia are not specific, so that it is often misdiagnosed. This review describes the progress in diagnostic methods for neonatal septicemia, including blood culture, blood cell counts, cytokine profiles and umbilical cord blood examinations. It provides useful information for early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal septicemia.

Advance in anticancer studies on catechins and their derivatives / 中国中药杂志

Experimental studies on animals discovered that catechins have a notable inhibitory effect on the formation and development of tumors in different organs. Studies on their mechanism showed that catechins could inhibit cancer cell invasion and proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis and induce cancer cell apoptosis through anti-oxidation and by inhibiting related enzyme activities and cancer cell signal transmission. This essay provides an overview of correlation between tea drinking and cancer prevention, various mechanisms of catechins and their derivatives such as biochemical cancer prevention and anticancer and looks into the future of catechins.

Treatment of infantile asthma in remission stage with Chinese medicine and new moxibustion-massage apparatus / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare differences of effects between new moxibustion-massage apparatus and suspended moxibustion for infantile asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were divided into 2 groups randomly, observation group and control group, 30 cases in each. Tiaoyuan Yuping Decoction, a decoction made by the hospital, was applied for both groups. New moxibustion-massage apparatus was applied for the observation group, and suspended moxibustion was adopted for the control group. Moxibustion was applied on acupoints of Fengmen (BL 12), Feishu (BL 13), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20), Juque (CV 14) and Zhongwan (CV 12) for 3 months, and therapeutic effect was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The remarkably effective rate of the observe group is 66.7% (20/30) and the total effective rate is 90.0% (27/30), which are better than 40.0% (12/30) and 83.3% (25/30) of the control group. The asthma of attack of both groups after the treatment obviously decreased (both P < 0.05). The asthma of attack of the observation group is obviously lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). And the effect is approved without side-effects such as dermal infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is held that the combination of new moxibustion-massage apparatus and Chinese medicine for infantile asthma in remission stage has obvious therapeutic effect, which can reduce the attack of asthma and alleviate symptoms. The result is better than suspended moxibustion.</p>

Case-control study on MDCT and MRI for the diagnosis of complex fractures of tibial plateau / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical value of MDCT and MRI in the diagnosis and treatment of complex fractures of tibial plateau.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2004 to January 2009,71 patients with complex fractures of tibial plateau estimated Schatzker III, V and VI were included in the study. Their X-ray films, MDCT, MRI were analyzed and compared. Twenty-four patients (14 males and 10 females with a mean age of 33.6 years) were treated with double incision and single plate. Average follow-up period was 31.4 months. Twenty-one patients (12 males and 9 females with a mean age of 33.2 years) were treated with double incision and bilateral plates. Average follow-up period was 28.4 months. Twenty-six patients (17 males and 9 females with a mean age of 35.3 years) were treated with bilateral plates via genicular anterior midline incision. Average follow-up period was 28.4 months. The index such as diagnosis correction for fracture location, fracture comminuted degree,fracture displacement degree,bone defect degree,and positive ration for number of collapsed joint surface,injuries of cruciate ligament, collateral ligament and menisci of knee joint.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The satisfaction score of X-ray flims, MDCT and MRI were (1.04 +/- 0.20), (1.82 +/- 0.38) and (1.12 +/- 0.33) separately for fracture positions; (0.81 +/- 0.51), (1.92 +/- 0.26) and (0.83 +/- 0.60) separately for fractures comminuted degree; (1.23 +/- 0.48), (1.92 +/- 0.26) and (0.46 +/- 0.58) separately for fracture displacement degree; (0.36 +/- 0.51), (1.55 +/- 0.79) and (0.26 +/- 0.53) separately for bone defect; the number of patients having collapse of tibial articular surface were 6,61 and 12 separately; the number of patients having cruciate ligaments were 3,10 and 17 separately; the number of patients having menisci injuries were 0,0 and 6 separately;the number of patients having collateral ligament injuries were 1, 1 and 8 separately. MDCT was the most sensitive method in the diagnosis of tibial articular surface collapse,avulsion tibial fracture at the point of cruciate ligament,fracture comminuted degree and fracture displacement degree (P < 0.01). MRI was the most sensitive method in the diagnosis of injuries of cruciate ligament, collateral ligament, menisci, the cartilage peeling of articular surface (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MDCT and MRI further detail the Schatzker classification based on X-ray films, which also conduce to make precise diagnosis and reasonable treatments. MDCT and MRI are more sensitive for the diagnosis of insidious damages around knee.</p>

Emergency reconstruction of the complex dorsal digital defect using the composite flap with extensor tendon graft from the second toe / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report emergency reconstruction of the complex dorsal digital defect using the composite flap with extensor tendon graft from the second toe.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2001 to March 2010, 6 fingers in 6 patients with complex dorsal digital defects were repaired using the composite flap. The defect of the extensor tendon was also repaired with the extensor tendon graft harvested from the second toe.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the flaps survived completely with primary healing. The patients were followed up for 5 to 10 years. The flaps had a good match in skin color and texture. Both the esthetic and functional results were satisfactory either in recipient or in donor sites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The emergency reconstruction of the complex dorsal digital defect using the composite flap with extensor tendon graft is an effective way to repair the skin defect and extensor tendon defect simultaneously with good long-term results.</p>

Repairing finger's penetrating soft tissue defects with "dumbbell" fascial metacarpal flap pedicled with skin perforator of dorsal metacarpal artery / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the effect of "dumbbell" fascial metacarpal flap pedicled with skin perforator of dorsal metacarpal artery in treating the finger's penetrating soft tissue defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2006 to August 2009, according to the courses, branches and distributions of the dorsal metacarpal artery, a "dumbbell" fascial metacarpal flap was designed and transposed to cover the penetrating soft tissue defects in 9 fingers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All of 9 flaps survived and got primary healing. The shape and function of the fingers were satisfied after 1-18 months period of follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The "dumbbell" fascial metacarpal flap pedicled with skin perforator of dorsal metacarpal artery is an ideal donor site for repairing the finger's penetrating soft tissue defect.</p>

Effect of Shuanghuanglian injection on cerebral nuclear factor-kappaB expression in mice with viral encephalitis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Shuanghuanglian injection on cerebral expression of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in mice with viral encephalitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mice with experimental viral encephalitis received treatment with Shuanghuanglian injection at the dose of 0.2, 1.5, and 5 for 5, 10 or 20 consecutive days. The total RNA of the brain tissue was extracted to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of NF-kappaB using Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the mice with experimental viral encephalitis showed significantly increased protein and mRNA expressions of NF-kappaB (P<0.01). Treatment with Shuanghuanglian injection at the doses of 0.2 and 1.5 mg/kg significantly lowered NF-kappaB protein and mRNA expressions in the brain of mice with viral encephalitis (P<0.05), and the effect was even more obvious at the dose of 5 mg/kg (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Shuanghuanglian injection can reduce the expression of NF-kappaB in the brain of mice with viral encephalitis in a dose- and time-dependent manner.</p>

Effects of activated ACM on expression of signal transducers in cerebral cortical neurons of rats / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To explore the roles of astrocytes in the epileptogenesis, astrocytes and neurons were isolated, purified and cultured in vitro from cerebral cortex of rats. The astrocytes were activated by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and astrocytic conditioned medium (ACM) was collected to treat neurons for 4, 8 and 12 h. By using Western blot, the expression of calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and adenylate cyclase (AC) was detected in neurons. The results showed that the expression of CaMK II, iNOS and AC was increased significantly in the neurons treated with ACM from 4 h to 12 h (P<0.05), and that of iNOS and AC peaked at 8 h and 12 h respectively. It was suggested that there might be some epileptogenic factors in the ACM and such signal pathways as NOS-NO-cGMP, Ca2+/CaM-CaMK II and AC-cAMP-PKA might take part in the signal transduction of epileptogenesis.